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CNC machine tool fixtures are conducive to the realization of "one machine with multiple uses"
- Categories:Industry News
- Time of issue:2017-03-30 21:37
(Summary description)1. Types of machine tool fixtures Fixtures are technological equipment for clamping workpieces, which are widely used in the machining, heat treatment, assembly, welding and testing processes of the mechanical manufacturing process. The fixtures used on metal cutting machine tools are collectively referred to as machine tool fixtures. In modern production, machine tool fixtures are an indispensable process equipment, which directly affects the accuracy of workpiece processing, labor productivity, and product manufacturing costs. There are many types of machine tool fixtures, and the machine tool fixtures can be classified from different angles. The commonly used classification methods are as follows. (1) According to the characteristics of the use of the fixture, according to the fixture in different production
CNC machine tool fixtures are conducive to the realization of "one machine with multiple uses"
(Summary description)1. Types of machine tool fixtures Fixtures are technological equipment for clamping workpieces, which are widely used in the machining, heat treatment, assembly, welding and testing processes of the mechanical manufacturing process. The fixtures used on metal cutting machine tools are collectively referred to as machine tool fixtures. In modern production, machine tool fixtures are an indispensable process equipment, which directly affects the accuracy of workpiece processing, labor productivity, and product manufacturing costs. There are many types of machine tool fixtures, and the machine tool fixtures can be classified from different angles. The commonly used classification methods are as follows. (1) According to the characteristics of the use of the fixture, according to the fixture in different production
- Categories:Industry News
- Time of issue:2017-03-30 21:37
1. Types of machine tool fixtures Fixture is a kind of technological equipment for clamping workpieces.
It is widely used in the machining, heat treatment, assembly, welding and testing processes of the mechanical manufacturing process. The fixtures used on metal cutting machine tools are collectively referred to as machine tool fixtures. In modern production, machine tool fixtures are an indispensable process equipment, which directly affects the accuracy of workpiece processing, labor productivity, and product manufacturing costs.
There are many types of machine tool fixtures, and the machine tool fixtures can be classified from different angles. The commonly used classification methods are as follows.
(1) According to the characteristics of the use of fixtures According to the general characteristics of fixtures in different production types, machine tool fixtures can be divided into five categories: general fixtures, special fixtures, adjustable fixtures, modular fixtures and assembled fixtures. General-purpose fixtures are standardized fixtures that can process different workpieces within a certain range. They are called general-purpose fixtures. Their structure and size have been standardized, and they have a certain versatility, such as three-jaw self-centering chucks, flat-nose vices for machine tools, and four Claw single-action chuck, bench vise, universal indexing head, center, center frame and magnetic table, etc. This type of fixture is highly adaptable and can be used to clamp various workpieces within a certain shape and size range. These fixtures have been manufactured and supplied by specialized factories as machine tool accessories, and only need to be purchased. The disadvantage is that the accuracy of the fixture is not high, the productivity is also low, and it is difficult to clamp workpieces with complex shapes, so it is generally suitable for single-piece small-batch production. Special fixture The fixture designed and manufactured specifically for a certain process of a certain workpiece is called a special fixture. In the production of relatively stable products and large batches, various special fixtures are used to obtain higher productivity and processing accuracy. The design cycle of the special fixture is long and the investment is large. Special fixtures are generally used in mass production. In addition to mass production, some special fixtures are also needed in small and medium batch production, but specific technical and economic analysis should be carried out during structural design. Adjustable fixture Some components can be adjusted or replaced to adapt to a variety of workpiece processing fixtures, called adjustable fixtures. Adjustable fixtures are a new type of fixture developed for the defects of general fixtures and special fixtures. For workpieces of different types and sizes, you only need to adjust or replace the individual positioning elements and clamping elements on the original fixture. It can generally be divided into general adjustable clamps and group clamps. The former has a larger general range than the general fixture; the latter is a special adjustable fixture, which is designed according to the group principle and can process a family of similar workpieces, so it is better for use in multi-variety, medium and small batch production. Economic effect. The modular fixture adopts standard composite components and parts, and is specially assembled for a certain process of a certain workpiece, which is called modular fixture. Modular fixture is a modular fixture. Standard modular components have high precision and wear resistance, and can be assembled into various fixtures. The jig can be disassembled after use, and it is left to assemble a new jig after cleaning. Because the use of modular fixtures can shorten the production preparation cycle, components can be used repeatedly, and has the advantages of reducing the number of special fixtures, etc., modular fixtures are more economical in single-piece, medium and small batch multi-variety production and CNC machining. Fixture. Assembling fixtures The fixtures assembled with special standardized and serialized assembled parts are called assembling fixtures. It has the advantages of modular fixtures, but has higher precision, higher efficiency and compact structure than modular fixtures. Its base plate and clamping parts often contain small hydraulic cylinders. This type of fixture is more suitable for use on CNC machine tools. (2) Classified by machine tool According to different machine tools, fixtures can be divided into lathe fixtures, milling machine fixtures, drilling machine fixtures, boring machine fixtures, gear machine fixtures, CNC machine tool fixtures, automatic machine tool fixtures, automatic line accompanying fixtures and other machine tool fixtures. (3) Classified by clamping power source According to the clamping power source, the clamps can be divided into manual clamps, pneumatic clamps, hydraulic clamps, pneumatic and hydraulic clamps, electromagnetic clamps and vacuum clamps. 2. Features of CNC machining fixture As a machine tool fixture, first of all, it must meet the clamping requirements of the workpiece during machining. At the same time, the CNC machining fixture has its own characteristics. These characteristics are: CNC machining is suitable for multi-variety, medium and small batch production. In order to clamp multiple types of workpieces of different sizes and different shapes, the CNC machining fixtures should be flexible and can clamp workpieces of various shapes and sizes after appropriate adjustments. Traditional special fixtures have four functions: positioning, clamping, guiding and tool setting. CNC machine tools are generally equipped with contact test probes, tool presetters and tool setting components, which can solve the tool setting problems by the machine tool. The precise positioning accuracy controlled by the program on the CNC machine tool can realize the tool guiding function in the fixture. Therefore, fixtures in CNC machining generally do not require guiding and tool setting functions, but only require positioning and clamping functions to meet the requirements of use, which can simplify the structure of the fixture. In order to adapt to the high efficiency of CNC machining, the CNC machining fixture should be clamped quickly with pneumatic, hydraulic, electric and other automatic clamping devices as much as possible to shorten the auxiliary time. The fixture itself should have enough rigidity to adapt to cutting with large cutting amount. Numerical control machining has the characteristics of concentrated processes. In one clamping of the workpiece, it is necessary to perform rough machining with a large cutting force and finish machining to meet the final accuracy requirements of the workpiece. Therefore, the rigidity and clamping force of the fixture must meet the large requirements. Cutting force requirements. In order to adapt to the multi-faceted machining of CNC, it is necessary to avoid the interference of the fixture structure, including the components on the fixture, to the tool motion track, and the fixture structure should not hinder the multi-faceted processing of the tool on each part of the workpiece. The positioning of the clamps should be reliable, the positioning components should have high positioning accuracy, and the positioning positions should be easy to clean chips without chip accumulation. If the positioning surface of the workpiece is too small, consider adding process bosses or auxiliary datums. For the workpiece with low rigidity, the minimum clamping deformation should be ensured, such as making the clamping point close to the supporting point, and avoiding the clamping force acting on the hollow area of the workpiece. When roughing and finishing are completed in the same process, if the above measures cannot control the deformation of the workpiece within the required range of machining accuracy, the program should be paused before finishing, and the operator should change before finishing after roughing. Clamping force (appropriately reduced) to reduce the impact of clamping deformation on machining accuracy.
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